CIVILIZATION About five thousand years ago, in the Middle East, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, city-states began to arise, erected by people who arrived on ships, who called themselves "blackheads." In the history of Homo sapiens, they remained as the Sumerians. Arriving possibly from India, the Indus River Valley - the cradle of civilized communities, brought a wealth of knowledge, which allowed the established population to advance in various areas significantly. India has given the world a lot of knowledge, as well as new peoples. In addition to the Sumerians, Gypsies and Persians came from India. The demoniac Hitler considered the ancient Aryans (the ancestors of the Iranians) to be the German nation's ancestors. In addition to much other knowledge, the Sumerians knew how to build ziggurat temples for their many pagan gods